Views: 8 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-10-31 Origin: Site
Unlike traditional heating systems like boilers and furnaces that generate heat by burning fuel, heat pumps don’t generate heat, rather they use electricity to transfer heat from one place to another.
As the demand for a sustainable heating system grows, heat pumps are becoming an important part of the modern Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system conversation because of their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Thus, in this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide, addressing all you need to know about heat pumps, such as what is a house heat pump and how to choose a suitable heat pump system.
A heat pump is an energy-efficient system that uses electricity to move heat from a cool space to a warm space. In colder seasons, heat pumps absorb heat from the outside air and transfer it into the house. Heat pumps reverse the process in warmer months by acting as an air conditioner, which moves heat from inside the house to outside.
There are several types of heat pump systems, but they can be categorized based on 4 major parts – Energy Source, Stage, Structure, and Refrigerant.
Heat pumps get energy from 3 different sources: Air, Water, and Geothermal/Ground.
● Air-source: Just as the name implies, air source heat pumps draw heat from the outdoor air. They are the most common heat pumps – simple to install and function well in moderate climates.
Air-source heat pumps (ASHP) are of two types:
● Air-to-water Heat Pump: On the other hand, air-to-water heat pumps extract air from outside and send it to an indoor fluid system. They are favorite for heating radiators, underfloor heating, and domestic hot water solutions
● Air-to-air Heat Pump: Basically, air-to-air heat pumps provide heat for indoor spaces. These air-source heating systems extract air from outside and condition the air to either heat or cool the indoor space.
● Water-source: Water-source heat pumps extract heat from a nearby water body, such as a lake or river, through installed underground pipes. They are ideal for applications that require a constant temperature.
● Geothermal-source/Ground-source: They absorb heat from the ground using installed underground pipes filled with refrigerants. Ground source heat pumps are more expensive to install when compared to others, but they are more efficient for colder climates.
There are 3 main types of heat pumps based on their operational stages:
● Single-Phase Heat Pump
Single-phase heat pump functions at full capacity when working. It’s either completely on or off, meaning there’s no control of how much energy is consumed. This results in higher cost and lesser energy usage since a single-phase heat pump continuously functions at full capacity regardless of the energy demand.
● 2-stage Heat Pump
The 2-stage heat pump has two operational settings: Low and High. During milder seasons, it operates on the low setting, which helps to preserve energy. During hot or cold seasons, 2-stage heat pump operates on the high setting.
● 3-stage Heat Pump
The 3-stage heat pump operates at three different levels to match heating and cooling demands. It optimizes energy use and maintains a consistent indoor temperature, providing maximum efficiency and comfort across a wider range of conditions. The 3-stage heat pump is best for places with varying temperatures.
Heat pumps can also be categorized based on their design and structure, such as:
● EVI Heat Pump
Enhanced Vapor Injection (EVI) heat pumps are designed for cold climates, with better performance in extremely low temperatures. They use a two-stage compression process, which involves injecting refrigerant into the compressor at mid-stage. This allows the EVI heat pump to function efficiently in subzero conditions.
● Ducted Heat Pump
This type is designed to efficiently distribute hot or cool air to every part of a building by transferring heat from outdoor air to water, which circulates within a network of pipes. It typically relies on an indoor unit (hydronic air handler) to transfer the heated or cooled water through radiators, underfloor heating, or fan coil units, for a consistent and uniform indoor temperature.
● Ductless Air-source Heat Pump
Sometimes called a “mini-split heat pump system.” This is the opposite of a ducted heat pump, as it operates without ducts. It consists of an outdoor compressor and one or more indoor air-handling units that are installed on the wall. Each unit can be controlled individually, enabling personalized comfort and energy efficiency in each part of the house.
● VRF System Heat Pump
A Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system is an advanced heat pump that can adjust the flow of refrigerant to each indoor unit based on individual heating or cooling demands. This heat pump structure enables simultaneous heating and cooling in various parts of a building, making it suitable for larger spaces like commercial buildings.
● Gas Absorption Heat Pump
Unlike other heat pumps that are designed to operate with electricity, gas absorption heat pump uses natural gas or propane as a fuel source to transfer heat. Gas absorption heat pumps are commonly used in large buildings because of their capacity and efficiency in heating.
● Hybrid Heat Pump
This heat pump is designed as an electric heat pump with a backup gas furnace. It functions by switching between the two sources based on the outdoor temperature. Hybrid heat pumps optimize efficiency by using the electric pump when temperatures are moderate and then use the gas furnace when it’s too cold for the heat pump to function well.
● Pool Heat Pump
This type is designed specifically for heating swimming pools. It operates by drawing heat from the outside air and transferring it to the pool water. This ensures that the pool remains comfortable even when the ambient air is cooler.
Heat pumps can be classified based on their refrigerants, such as:
● R290 Heat Pump: R290 is a natural refrigerant, also called “propane.” It is the most efficient and environmentally friendly refrigerant, with a Global Warming Potential as low as 3. Heat pump R290 can be used in both residential and commercial applications. But this refrigerant is flammable, so it requires careful handling and optimal safety.
● R32 Heat Pump: R32 refrigerant was very popular in residential and commercial applications before the advent of R290. While it offers high-energy efficiency, low pressure, and reduced cost, it faced decline because of its large GWP of 657, which is environmentally dangerous.
● R410A Heat Pump: This is a non-flammable and moderate energy efficient refrigerant. It works at high pressures, allowing heat to operate more effectively in cooling and heating modes. However, it’s becoming widely blacklisted because of its high GWP of 2088.
● R407C Heat Pump: This refrigerant provides good energy efficiency but slightly lower than R410A. Oftentimes, R407C is used in systems where retrofitting older refrigerants is essential. However, it has a high GWP of 1774, which is gradually leading to its complete phase out.
● R134A Heat Pump: This refrigerant is non-flammable and offers stable performance, hence why it’s largely used in commercial and industrial heat pumps, especially those that require medium-to-low temperatures. But it has a high GWP of 1430, making it also being replaced by more environmentally-friendly options like R290.
NOTE: When considering which type of heat pump is best for you, it’s recommended you contact a professional heat pump manufacturer for expert evaluation of the best option.
In a bid to completely eradicate the use of heating systems that damage the environment and deplete the ozone layer, several countries have started offering subsidies on heat pump installation. This is to encourage more people to use heat pump systems.
Here’s an overview of different countries heat pump subsidy to a sustainable future:
● United Kingdom: Offers air-source heat pump grants of £5,000 and ground-source heat pump grants of £6,000 for both new buildings and renovations.
● Norway: Offers grants of up to €1,000 for both new buildings and retrofits installing ground-source heat pumps.
● Portugal: There is a regulation from 2022 to reimburse up to 85% of the heat pump installation costs in new buildings and retrofits. Beneficiaries can receive up to a maximum of €2,500 without VAT.
● Ireland: Since 2021, every house type has been enjoying a subsidy of €3,500 for air-to-air heat pumps, and €4,500 for air-to-water & ground-source heat pumps for apartments. For houses that want to enjoy both offers, there’s a grant of €6,500.
● Germany: Until 2030, there’s a grant offer of air-source heat pumps for retrofit installations of up to €15,000 to €18,000.
While the different types of heat pumps have similar working mechanisms, there are some little differences. In the section below, we will examine how the various heat pump types work.
Basically, an air-source heat pump system extracts heat from the air and transfers it to another space (either water or air).
● Air-to-water Heat Pump: Absorbs heat from the outside air and sends it to a wet central heating system. This type of air-source heating system is most ideal for new buildings, as well as hot water solutions.
● Air-to-air Heat Pump: Absorbs heat from the outside air and sends it into the house through fans. This type of air-source heat pump can be used for heating and cooling functions, but cannot produce hot water.
A ground heat pump comprises a network of water pipes installed under the ground and a heat pump system at ground level. It has the same working mechanism as a furnace or boiler in a central heating system. But it instead of burning fuel, it generates energy from the ambient heat in the ground.
A water source heat pump works by using water bodies like lakes and rivers as a heat exchange medium. This heat pump absorbs heat from the water and transfers the heat to warm buildings in the winter. In the summer, heat is extracted from the building and moved into the water body.
A hybrid source heat pump integrates the working mechanism of a heat pump (air-source or ground-source) with a gas furnace or boiler. This heat pump functions by observing the outside temperature and automatically selects the most energy efficient option to make the building comfortable.
There are several heat pump pros and cons worth considering before making an informed decision on the best option for your building. Here are they:
● Energy Efficiency
Heat pumps can supply 3-4 times more energy they consume, making them very energy-efficient than conventional heating systems like furnaces and boilers. There will be general reduction of energy bills and your space will remain comfortable all year long regardless of the outside temperature.
● Environmental Sustainability
Heat pumps use electricity rather than burning fossil fuels like other heating systems. Thus, they produce less carbon emissions, lower global warming potential, and contribute to a greener environment.
● Dual Function
Heat pumps can serve both heating and cooling solutions. They are designed to function as a heater and an air conditioner, eliminating the need for separate systems. This curbs the problem of insufficient installation space and minimizes costs.
● Improved Indoor Air Quality
Heat pumps circulate and filter air before circulating them around the house. This reduces humidity and allergens, ensuring that clean and fresh air is distributed round the building.
● Government Subsidy
To encourage more people to invest in heat pump installation and thereby make the environment safer, governments offer grants and incentives to reduce the financial burden. Thus, you can successfully install or upgrade your heat pump system at a very lesser cost.
● High Initial Cost
The upfront cost of buying and installing heat pumps can be expensive. This is because of their many energy efficiency and dual functionality. However, the operating cost is very low with proper maintenance.
● Electricity Dependency
Heat pumps rely on electricity to operate, which tends to be a problem in places with high electricity costs. But in the long run, the overall energy cost savings is greater than that of other heating systems.
● Constant Maintenance
Regular maintenance is needed for heat pumps to work efficiently for a long time. And in extremely cold climates, ice is prone to clog the heat pump unit. But the new heat pump system like the R290 heat pump China units are designed with anti-freezing and defrosting technology to wipe off ice clog and make the heat pump function maximally.
A heat pump system consists of various components working together for optimal efficiency. Understanding the roles of these components is essential in knowing how a heat pump system operates.
This component comprises the compressor, condenser coil, and a fan, which work together to extract heat from the environment before conditioning them to cool or warm air.
This is the component responsible for circulating the conditioned air across every part of the building. It contains an evaporator coil, a blower fan, and various controls, which maintain indoor comfort by distributing efficient warm or cool air as needed.
This component is used in heat pumps to evenly distribute heat in a building. While heat pumps operate at lower temperatures, underfloor heating systems help to maximize the efficiency to cover a large surface area.
The compressor is one of the components in the outdoor unit. It’s in charge of pressuring the refrigerant and transmitting it throughout the heat pump. It handles the compression of the refrigerant gas, which is the source of energy needed to run the heat pump process.
This is one of the components in the outdoor unit and it’s responsible for receiving the gaseous refrigerant from the compressor. Then, it exhausts the heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding space.
The expansion valve acts as a metering system used to regulate refrigerant flow. It basically controls the pressure and temperature reduction needed for smooth heat pump operation.
This is a critical component that enables heat transfer between the refrigerant and the surrounding air, water, or ground. In heating mode, it extracts heat from the outside surroundings and moves it inside. In cooling mode, it transfers the heat inside to outside.
This is a component that regulates the dual functionality system by allowing the heat pump to switch between heating and cooling modes. It reverses the flow of the refrigerant either to transfer heat indoors or move the heat outdoors.
The refrigerant is a major component in the heat pump’s thermal transfer process. It is responsible for extracting heat at low temperatures and releasing it at higher temperatures during the compression cycle.
The COP (Coefficient of Performance) of a heat pump is a measurement used to evaluate the efficiency of heat pumps. It basically quantifies the usable energy of a heat pump against the energy input required to produce the usable energy.
Understanding the COP of heat pumps allows you to know the best heat pump for your building whether residential, commercial, pool, etc. A higher COP will help you heat your building, as well as generate hot water more efficiently all year round while spending less on electricity.
There are various types of heat pumps and some are specifically designed for heating & cooling purposes, but others offer multiple functions.
● House Heating Only: When a heat pump is set to heating mode, it only provides heating by absorbing warmth from the outside environment and transferring it inside. Common types of heat pumps designed like this are air-source and ground-source heat pumps.
● House Cooling Only: When set to cooling mode, the heat pump functions just as an air conditioner by absorbing heat from inside the house and releasing it outside. This is more appreciated in hot climates where cool air is needed.
● Only for Hot Water: Heat pumps can be specifically designed for domestic hot water solutions. These systems absorb heat from the air or ground to make water hot. They are often installed with solar panels or traditional water heaters for maximum energy savings.
● Integrate Heating, Cooling, & Hot Water: Advanced heat pumps combine heating, cooling, and hot water solutions into a single system. These integrated heat pumps provide all-year climate control and hot water supply, making them versatile for all applications.
● Underfloor Heating: Heat pumps can be used for underfloor heating since they function efficiently at low temperatures, which is the temperature level required for underfloor systems operation.
These are some of the several cases where heat pumps are used:
● Air-source Heat Pump for Underfloor Heating
An air-source heat pump can be paired with underfloor heating systems to efficiently regulate the temperature in a building. The air-source heat pump absorbs heat from the outside air but distributes it through the underfloor system, which is more cost-effective and energy-efficient.
● Heat Pump Systems for Houses
Heat pumps for homes are mostly needed for heating and cooling, which is greatly instrumental in reducing the household electricity cost. Residential heat pump systems are usually air-source, ground-source, or hybrid.
● Pool Heating
Heat pumps can also be used for heating the pool. They simply extract heat from the ambient air and transfer it to the pool water. This is an efficient way to maintain a comfortable swimming temperature.
● Commercial Building Heating
Heat pumps can be used in numerous commercial places, such as offices, hotels, and retail spaces where the indoor temperature is important. Advanced heat pump systems are recommended to regulate the temperature of each room in the building according to the occupants’ preferences.
● Industrial Heating
Heat pumps are largely applicable in industrial settings to provide processed heat or space heating in factories. This makes the workers comfortable, able to work.
Just like every mechanical equipment, the life expectancy of a heat pump cannot be certainly stated because its lifespan depends on many factors, most especially maintenance. How well a heat pump is maintained generally impacts its life expectancy. SPRSUN heat pumps can last 15-20 years if well maintained.
● Maintenance: If you want optimal functionality and an extended lifespan for your heat pump, it is essential that it be maintained by a professional at least twice a year. You should also carry out routine inspections and change the filter when necessary.
● Proper Installation: It’s crucial to have your heat pump installed by a certified professional with experience because improper installation can cause significant problems and reduce the life expectancy of the heat pump.
● Climate Condition: If you live in a very cold or frigid location, your heat pump may suffer because it will have to work extra hard to absorb heat to warm your home. The continuous and rigid mechanical process will affect the lifespan of your heat pump in the long run.
● Frequency of Usage: Like any machine, the more you use it, the shorter its life expectancy will be. If you always use your heat pump, the wear and tear that occurs during the working process will be increased, resulting in a shorter lifespan.
● Regular Inspections: Carry out frequent checks on your heat pump, ideally once in the rainy season and another in the dry season. Inspect for refrigerant leaks and seal them (if any). Also, check the filters, ductwork, blower, indoor coil and other components for dirt or obstructions.
● Thermostat Regulation: Ensure the thermostat is set to a comfortable temperature and is functioning properly. You can install a programmable thermostat to set temperature based on the perceived indoor temperature.
● Clean the Condensate Drain: Periodically inspect the condensate drain to ensure it’s clear of debris. Use a wet/dry vacuum to remove any obstacle disturbing flow drainage.
● Neat Outdoor Unit Area: Clear the area around the outdoor unit. Make sure there’s about 2 feet of clear space around the outdoor unit. There should be no leaf, grass, or debris that may block airflow.
● Monitor the Heat Pump Performance: Always pay attention and report any changes in the heat pump operation to a professional. If you notice any noise or sudden increase in energy usage, call a professional to report the situation.
The amount of electricity used by a heat pump cannot be ascertained as the energy requirement of each user is different. While some people use a heat pump for house, it can also be used in commercial buildings, and some for industrial applications.
For example, according to the Department of Energy, over 50% of a typical household heat pump energy goes into heating and cooling applications. Hence, why the use of ENERGY STAR or ERP A+++ certified heating and cooling equipment are encouraged, as they help to reduce up to 10-30% of energy usage.
Generally, these are the factors that determines heat pumps energy consumption:
● Heat Pump Size: The size of a heat pump unit greatly determines how much electricity energy will be used during operation. Usually, a larger heat pump will use more electricity than a smaller heat pump, so it’s important to choose a heat pump system that’s appropriately sized to fulfill your demands.
● Location Climate: The type of heat pump you choose should be dependent on the climate in your location. For example, if you live in a very cold location, ensure you choose a heat pump that has anti-freezing and defrosting capabilities. If you choose a heat pump that doesn’t have these capabilities, more electricity will be consumed to prevent ice clogs from interfering with your heat pump operation.
● Heat Pump Efficiency: This refers to the amount of electricity a heat pump consumes in relation to the heating or cooling energy supplied. Two major heat pump efficiency ratings to consider are Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER). COP measures the heat pump’s efficiency in transforming electricity into heating, while SEER is a metric for efficiency conversion into cooling.
● Application: The type of functions the heat pump will perform impacts the electricity energy that will be consumed. This is to say the electricity requirement for a commercial or industrial setting will be higher than a residential building because of the complexities involved.
Everyone often asks the question: what size of heat pump do I need? This is so because of the different capacities of heat pumps and the varying needs of people.
Heat pump sizing is measured in tons or British Thermal Unit (BTU). 1 ton equals 12,000 BTU. So, a 2-ton heat pump has a capacity of 24,000 BTU, and so on.
This measurement basically tells you how much space a particular heat pump can heat or cool. With the right heat pump size, you will save lots of money on the costs of installation, electricity, and maintenance while keeping your space perfectly comfortable throughout the year.
Figuring out the right size of heat pump that will adequately heat and cool your space can be sometimes tricky. But in this section, we will explain the various heat pump space requirements for air-source, water heater, and ground-source heat pump systems.
Air source heat pumps aren’t the largest, but they have 2 separate units – the outdoor and indoor units. These units require a little space to be installed.
● Outdoor Space Environments: The outdoor unit is installed on the exterior of the building, which allows it to absorb air from the outside environment, and then transfer it inside.
There are several requirements when installing the outdoor heat pump unit. They include:
● 1-1.5 meters of vertical space for the heat pump to stand upright, and 0.5-1 meter of horizontal space for the width.
● A minimum of 1.5 meters of free space in front of the heat pump fan to ensure unobstructed airflow.
● A flat surface to mount the heat pump.
● Depending on your air source heat pump system, you may be able to install the outdoor unit against the wall or leave a small space.
● Internal Space Requirements: The indoor unit is installed inside the building, and its function is to distribute the air absorbed by the outdoor unit to every part of the building. Depending on the type of air source heat pump, you need a maximum of 13.6m squared space to contain the internal heat pump components, water cylinders, and large radiators.
A heat pump water heater captures heat from the environment air and moves it at a higher temperature to heat water in a storage tank.
Heat pump water heaters are best installed in spaces with a temperature range of 40⁰F-90⁰F throughout the year and a minimum of 28.3 cubic meters of air space around the heat pump water heater.
This type of heat pump system does not function optimally in cold spaces, rather it operates more efficiently and saves energy in spaces with excess heat like a furnace room. For example, the R290 AquaHero Series is an all-in-on hot water heat pump system, which produces hot water in low ambient temperature and once your desired temperature level is reached, the heat pump operation frequency reduces to save energy.
Unlike air-source and water heater heat pumps, ground-source heat pumps require a large space. While the accurate space required for each property differs, there are 2 major installation methods that determine the space needed.
● Horizontal Space Installation: The heat pump is buried about 1.5-2 meters under the ground. Requires about 10 meters of trenching for each kW, and between each trench, there should be around 5 meters wide space.
● Vertical Space Installation: The heat pump is buried as deep as 60-200 meters under the ground and requires around 5-10 meters space between each borehole. This is a better option if you have limited space since it takes less surface space.
Heat pumps have outdoor and indoor units. The outdoor unit can be easily located by taking a look around the building’s perimeter. It’s usually located on a flat roof or an exterior wall in a yard, garden, or backyard.
The indoor unit, on the other hand, is of two types: ducted and ductless. The ducted indoor unit is concealed in the air handler, which is installed in well-ventilated, remote areas of a building like the utility room or basement. While the ductless indoor unit is installed in locations that are easier to spot, such as the ceiling or wall.
Yes, a heat pump can be located in an attic. But there must be proper ventilation to allow the heat pump to absorb and dispose air. Bad ventilation can result in overheating in the summer or reduced efficiency in the cold season.
Before deciding to install your heat pump in a particular location, there are some things you need to consider.
● Outdoor Space Availability: Heat pumps outdoor units need sufficient space to function efficiently. There should be adequate ventilation and there must not be any obstruction limiting the airflow.
● Indoor Space Proximity: The indoor units should be placed in areas that allow easy heat distribution, such as the central location of the room, the ceiling, and other places where air will flow from freely.
● Climate Conditions: In regions with extreme cold, place your heat pump in a spot sheltered from high winds, snow, and ice buildup. In regions that are extremely hot, place your heat pump in a spot sheltered from direct sunlight.
● Ground or Water: For ground-source or water-source heat pumps, the installation land must be good for trenching or drilling. Survey the area properly because the type of soil and water table level can affect the effectiveness of your heat pump.
● Maintenance Access: You periodically have to check your heat pump components, so it should be located in a place that permits easy maintenance access.
● Noise Level: The outdoor unit tends to make some noise, which can be a big disturbance to you and neighbors. Thus, you need to install the heat pump away from places like the window, patio, or bedroom.
Follow this process to professionally install a household heat pump:
● Type and Size of Heat Pump: Determine the type and correct size of heat pump the household will need. It’s ideal you contact a professional heat pump technician to estimate the load of the house and recommend the capacity of the heat pump that will be perfect.
● Site Assessment: This involves choosing the right location for the indoor and outdoor units. The indoor unit should be placed in a place where the distribution of air won’t be blocked, while the outdoor unit should be placed on a stable base and there should be no obstruction in front to hinder extraction of air.
● Professional Installation: The professional technician should install the heat pump system following the space requirement for the type of heat pump (air-source, water heater, or ground-source). Connect the refrigerant lines, electrical wiring, and condensate drainage between the indoor and outdoor units.
● Startup and Testing: The refrigerant lines should be vacuumed to remove moisture and conduct a pressure test to make sure there are no leaks. Install and program the thermostat to control the heat pump based on the house heating and cooling demands. After the installation is complete, the heat pump will be tested to ensure proper operation.
A heat pump that makes noise will make you pissed, and not only you, even your neighbors. It can disrupt your sleep, make it hard to hear your TV or speaker, and cause a disturbance to outdoor events. In this section, we will explain what causes the noise, how to make your heat pump quiet, and the solution from the root.
● Compressor: The compressor is one of the components in the outdoor unit. When it’s working harder, especially during extremely cold or hot weather, it tends to produce loud humming and buzzing sounds.
● Fan: The outdoor unit fan that blows air across the condenser also makes noticeable noise when it’s unbalanced, obstructed by debris, or the blades are damaged.
● Vibrations: Another cause of noise is improper installation, which leads to vibration of the heat pump components. This can be because the outdoor unit is not placed on a stable, flat surface or the components are not connected properly.
● Defrost Mode: During extremely cold weather, the heat pump may enter a defrost mode to remove ice clogs from the system. This can produce noise depending on how tough the ice clogs are.
● Electricity Current: If the electricity current in the house is very low or unstable, the heat pump will struggle to function, resulting in loud noise and sudden stoppage. This is because the heat pump is working extra hard to absorb heat.
● Install Soundproof Materials: If your heat pump is old, the compressor, condenser, or fan may be almost exhausting its lifespan, which is why it’s generating noise. To make the heat pump quiet, wrap the heat pump components with noise-reduction materials like foams, fiberglass, sound blankets, etc. This will help reduce the noise and vibration caused by the heat pump parts.
● Change the Heat Pump Position: Try to place the heat pump on a more stable surface, such as a brick or concrete slab to reduce movement and vibration. However, this shouldn’t be a problem if the heat pump system was fixed in accordance with the installation and space requirements.
● Call a professional Technician: Run an all-round check and maintenance on the heat pump, tightening loose parts and removing debris. You might have to replace damaged parts to avoid further damage, which could increase the repair costs.
Heat pump noise level is measured in decibels (dB). On average, most heat pump outdoor units produce 50dB, which is the same noise level as a normal conversation or moderate rainfall. While the indoor units produce about 18-30dB noise level, which is the same noise level as rustling leaves or whispers.
But there are efforts made by some manufacturers to make the heat pump more quiet. For example, the SPRSUN Ultra-quiet heat pump has a noise level as low as 40dB. It has a noise reduction technology with day and night modes, enabling low operation and low noise in the night. The compressor is wrapped with thick cotton to make the heat pump very quiet.
The temperature range of a heat pump is an important factor you need to get acquainted with in keeping your home comfortable throughout the year. You should know when heat pumps become effective, when they stop working, what influences their temperature, and solutions for improved efficiency.
There are 3 major types of heat pumps with varying effective temperature ranges.
● Air-source Heat Pumps: These heat pumps have the broadest effective temperature range, which is between -13⁰F – 90⁰F.
● Water-source Heat Pumps: The effective temperature range is between 45⁰F – 90⁰F.
● Ground-source Heat Pumps: The effective temperature range is between -40⁰F – 140⁰F.
Several factors can influence a heat pump’s temperature performance:
● Heating Capacity: Heat pumps capacity to transfer heat diminishes as the outdoor temperature decreases. This is because the available heat to extract from the outside environment is limited.
● Defrost Cycles: In extremely cold seasons, ice clogs can accumulate on the heat pump outdoor unit, which reduces the efficiency of the system and affects the indoor temperature.
● Thermostat Settings: If there’s a problem with the thermostat settings, there will be a problem with ascertaining how much heating or cooling is required.
● Low Refrigerant: Heat pumps are able to transfer heat because of the refrigerant. Thus, if the refrigerant level is low, optimal heat may not be transferred. This affects the temperature of the indoor space.
Heat pumps stop working when the temperature drops below their respective ranges. Air-source heat pumps stop working when the temperature is below -13⁰F, when water-source heat pumps temperature falls under 45⁰F, they stop working, and ground-source heat pumps stop working when the temperature is lower than -40⁰F.
● Sealing and Insulation: With adequate sealing and insulation, you can retain the hot air or cool air transferred into your space. Make sure there are no openings in the wall and the windows or doors are not opened, so the air will remain in the house.
● Clean Filters Frequently: Dirty filters can make the heat pump consume more energy, which reduces the heat pump system efficiency. Regularly clean the filters to make your heat pump system run at its best.
● Install a programmable Thermostat: Use a programmable thermostat that will allow you to set the temperature correctly. You can even change the temperature level remotely, making sure your home is always comfortable.
● Regular Maintenance: Schedule professional maintenance at least twice a year for optimal efficiency. This includes checking for loose parts, cleaning the components, inspecting electrical components, and refilling the refrigerant if low.
Heat pumps function by absorbing heat from the outside air. But what happens in a cold climate? In this section, we will discuss heat pump operation in cold climates.
Yes, heat pumps work in cold weather. There is always a second thought about their functionality because most people believe there’s no heat to absorb in cold weather. However, even in freezing conditions, outdoor air still contains thermal energy that the heat pump system can use for heating.
Yes, heat pump water heaters work in cold climates. It’s sometimes debated because cold air contains less heat energy. However, heat pump water heaters are designed to operate efficiently by using backup heating elements to provide sufficient hot water even in cold climates.
Yes, heat pumps can deliver sufficiently high temperatures in winter. While older models of heat pumps tend to be less effective in extremely cold regions, there are now cold-climate heat pumps specially designed to provide maximum heating, even when the temperature is as low as -30⁰C.
● Set a Consistent Temperature: Avoid changing the temperature frequently, as this can make the heat pump adjust its settings, and in fact stop and restart. This impacts the house temperature and comfortability.
● Enable Defrost Mode: Ideal heat pumps for winter have a defrost mode to prevent ice buildup on the outdoor unit. Enable the defrost mode at intervals to dissolve ice buildups.
● Regular Maintenance: Take care of the heat pump very well. Clean the filter, keep the outdoor unit area clear of snow, ice, or debris, and schedule periodic inspection with a professional technician.
● Reduced Efficiency: In extremely cold climates, heat pumps struggle to capture enough heat from the outside air, leading to reduced efficiency. And to work more efficiently, they consume higher energy and may make noise.
● Ice Accumulation: Heat pumps outdoor units can accumulate ice or snow from the heavy atmospheric downpour. This may block airflow and force the system to work harder to transfer heat.
● Long Defrost Cycles: In cold weather, heat pumps enter a defrost mode to clear ice clogs from the outdoor coils. The defrost cycles can be more frequent and longer in extremely cold climates, which can affect the heat pump’s heating capacity.
● Auxiliary Heat System: Heat pumps usually have backup electric resistance heaters that come up when the outdoor unit is unable to provide enough heat. Using this auxiliary heat system leads to higher energy costs.
● Check the Outdoor Unit: Ensure the outdoor unit space is clear and the heat pump is free of snow, ice, leaves, or debris. Doing this will allow smooth airflow.
● Add a Drain Pan Heater: Installing a drain pan heater under the outdoor unit can help avoid the buildup of ice on the coils. It ensures that water doesn't freeze in the unit, so airflow won’t be blocked.
● Inspect the Defrost Cycle: Cold climate heat pumps have a defrost mode system that melts ice in the outdoor unit coil. If the defrost cycle isn’t working properly, it means the defrost mode system needs repair. Call a professional technician.
● Defrost Manually: If there’s ice buildup, you can manually defrost the outdoor unit by turning off the heat pump and running the fan-only mode to circulate air and dissolve the ice. Another option is to gently use warm water to melt the ice.
Heat pumps and furnaces are two main heating systems used for residential and commercial applications. But which one is better:
● Heat pumps are usually better than furnaces because they transfer heat rather than generate it.
● Heat pumps are more environmentally friendly. They are powered by electricity, meaning they don’t produce carbon emissions like furnaces.
● In extremely cold climates, the better option is furnaces. They work by burning fuel (natural gas, oil, or propane) to generate heat. Unlike heat pumps, furnaces can provide a high level of heat when the outside temperature is very low.
● Furnaces have a lower initial cost than heat pumps, but are more expensive over time due to cost of fuel.
● Heat pumps are more versatile and cost-effective than furnaces. They offer dual functions, as they can provide heating and cooling solutions in one system.
Heat pumps and air conditioners are very similar, especially since they use the same technology to cool homes. The difference between an air conditioner vs heat pump is because of the reversing valve in heat pumps, which works to heat and cool the house.
While heat pumps and air conditioners transfer indoor heat to the outside environment in order to cool the house, the reversing valve allows heat pumps to work the opposite way. Heat pumps can extract heat from outside into the indoor space.
An air conditioner can only cool indoor spaces by transferring the heat from inside the home to outside. It has to be paired with a separate heating system like a furnace to provide year-round comfort.
There are 2 major costs when buying a heat pump. The first is the Upfront Costs and the second is the Running Costs.
● Upfront Costs: The initial costs of a heat pump can vary depending on the type, size, and conditions surrounding the installation. On average, an air-source heat pump system cost between $4,000 to $8,000 for purchase and installation. Water-source heat pumps cost between $10,000 to 25,000 for purchase and installation. Ground-source heat pumps are more expensive, ranging from $10,000 to $30,000 for purchase and installation.
● Running Costs: The running costs depend on electricity rates, climate, and the energy efficiency of the heat pump. On average, an ASHP heat pump running costs range from $500 to $2,000. Water-source and ground-source heat pumps running costs range from $300 to $1,500.
Here are some tips to lower the costs of running your heat pump:
● Insulate Your Home: Before installing a heat pump, make sure that your home is properly insulated. Check every nook and cranny for holes where air can escape from. The air from the heat pump should remain in your home for optimal efficiency.
● Keep your Heat Pump On Always at a Stable Temperature: You should keep your heat pump running consistently at a comfortable temperature for maximum efficiency. Increasing and reducing the temperature frequently can cause wear and tears in the heat pump components, resulting in higher maintenance costs.
● Lower Your Thermostat: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 18⁰C is a safe and well-balanced indoor temperature in warm and cold climates. Increasing the temperature means higher energy costs.
Yes, a heat pump is really worth it, particularly when seeking long-term heating and cooling solutions, and their energy-efficiency, cost-savings, and environmental impact.
While many people are bothered about the upfront costs of heat pumps, several government subsidies can offset the price, making them affordable.
Here are new heat pumps technology for improved efficiency:
● Heat Pumps and Solar Power: Heat pumps can be connected with photovoltaic (PV) Systems for enhanced efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Solar panels are used to generate the electricity needed to power the heat pump, significantly reducing reliance on energy bills. During daytime, the energy generated from the solar panels can be used to directly power the heat pump, while excess energy is stored in batteries for nighttime.
● Extreme Cold Climate Heat Pump: Nowadays, there are extreme cold climate heat pumps professionally manufactured to function effectively in freezing temperatures. These systems are made up of advanced technologies like Enhanced Variable Injection (EVI), which increases heat pumps' capacity to absorb heat from outside in frigid weather.
● Connect Heat Pump with Boiler: This is a hybrid system, which involves connecting a heat pump with a boiler. In this system, the heat pump operates when outdoor temperatures are moderate. But when the temperature drops and the heat pump’s efficiency reduces, the boiler begins to operate. This ensures optimal heating always regardless of the weather condition.
● Full Inverter Technology: This is a new technology of heat pump to vary the speed of the heat pump’s compressor and fan motors, allowing for precise adjustment of the heating and cooling output. The inverter heat pump offers improved efficiency, quieter operation, and more consistent indoor temperatures.
There are several types of heat pump, thus selecting a qualified heat pump for your needs can be confusing. Below are factors to consider when choosing a qualified heat pump:
● Climate Suitability: Choose a heat pump specifically suitable for your climate. If you live in a cold region, it’s recommended you select a cold climate heat pump for maximum efficiency during freezing temperatures.
● Efficiency Ratings: Check the heat pump’s efficiency rating, such as the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER for cooling efficiency), Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF for heating efficiency), and Coefficient of Performance (COP for both cooling & heating efficiency).
● Noise Level: Some heat pumps can be super noisy, especially the outdoor units. Opt for options with low decibel ratings, particularly in residential buildings and commercial settings where decorum is paramount.
● Type of Refrigerant: Find heat pumps using eco-friendly refrigerants like R290 to curb global warming potential (GWP). This is crucial for both environmental sustainability and compliance with future regulations.
● Inverter Technology: Choose an option with inverter technology, which allows the heat pump system to adjust its heating and cooling output based on present demands without causing wear or tears to the heat pumps components.
● Size: Select a heat pump size with the capacity to meet your house heating and cooling demands. You can contact SPRSUN – a professional China heat pump manufacturer for the best heat pump for your needs.
| Image | Product Name |
|---|---|
 | R290 Greenergy Pro Series - 9-12KW ERP A+++ DC Inverter Air Source Heat Pumps |
 | R290 AquaHero Series- All in One Hot Water Heat Pump |
 | R290 Greenergy Series - 6-15KW Ultra-quiet DC Inverter Air Source Heat Pumps |
 | R32 ClimaWise Series - 6KW/9.5KW/12KW/16KW EVI DC Inverter Air to Water Heat Pumps - Monoblock Type |
 | OceanStar Series - 9-16KW R32 Swimming Pool Inverter Heat Pump |
 | R290 Greenergy Series - 25-50KW Commercial Inverter Heat Pumps |
